ECMA International

• ECMA International was founded in 1961.
• The ECMA organization is dedicated to the standardization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Consumer Electronics(CE).
• ECMA has developed standards for
• JavaScript
• C# Language
• International Character Sets
• Optical Disks
• Magnetic Tapes
• Data Compression
• Data Communication
• and much more

Web Services take Web-applications to the Next Level

• By using Web services, your application can publish its function or message to the rest of the world.
•  Web services use XML to code and to decode data, and SOAP to transport it
• (using open protocols).
• With Web services, your accounting department's Win 2k server's billing system can connect with your IT supplier's UNIX server.

Web Services have Two Types of Uses

• Reusable application-components. 
• There are things applications need very often.So why make these over and over again?
• Web services can offer application-components like: currency conversion,weather reports, or even language translation as services. 
• Connect existing software. 
• Web services can help to solve the interoperability problem by giving different applications a way to link their data.
• With Web services you can exchange data between different applications and different platforms.

What is RSS?

• RSS stands for Really Simple Syndication
• RSS allows you to syndicate your site content
• RSS defines an easy way to share and view headlines and content
• RSS files can be automatically updated
• RSS allows personalized views for different sites
• RSS is written in XML

Interoperability has Highest Priority

• When all major platforms could access the Web using Web browsers, different platforms could interact. For these platforms to work together, Web-applications were developed.
• Web-applications are simple applications that run on the web. These are built around the Web browser standards and can be used by any browser on any platform.

What IS CSS? What is HTML 4?

• What IS CSS?
  

CSS is the W3C standard style and layout model for HTML.
CSS allows web developers to control the style and layout of web pages.
HTML 4 allows dynamic changes to CSS.
DHTML is about using JavaScript and DOM to change the style and positioning of HTML elements.

• What is HTML 4?

The W3C HTML 4 standard has rich support for dynamic content: HTML supports JavaScript
HTML supports the Document Object Model (DOM)
HTML supports HTML EventsHTML supports Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)DHTML is about using these features to create dynamic and interactive web pages.

What is SOAP?

* SOAP stands for Simple Object Access Protocol
* SOAP is a communication protocol
* SOAP is for communication between applications
* SOAP is a format for sending messages
* SOAP communicates via Internet
* SOAP is platform independent
* SOAP is language independent
* SOAP is based on XML
* SOAP is simple and extensible
* SOAP allows you to get around firewalls
* SOAP is a W3C recommendation

Why SOAP?

It is important for application development to allow Internet communication between programs.

Today's applications communicate using Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) between objects like DCOM and CORBA, but HTTP was not designed for this. RPC represents a compatibility and security problem; firewalls and proxy servers will normally block this kind of traffic.

A better way to communicate between applications is over HTTP, because HTTP is supported by all Internet browsers and servers. SOAP was created to accomplish this.

SOAP provides a way to communicate between applications running on different operating systems, with different technologies and programming languages.

What is HTML?

HTML is a language for describing web pages.

• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
• HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
• A markup language is a set of markup tags
• HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages

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HTML Tags

HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags

• HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like
• HTML tags normally come in pairs like and
• The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag

• Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags.

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HTML Documents = Web Pages

• HTML documents describe web pages
• HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
• HTML documents are also called web pages

The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page:

What is WML?

WML stands for Wireless Markup Language. It is a mark-up language inherited from HTML, but WML is based on XML, so it is much stricter than HTML.

WML is used to create pages that can be displayed in a WAP browser. Pages in WML are called DECKS. Decks are constructed as a set of CARDS.

Examples of WAP use

• Checking train table information
• Ticket purchase
• Flight check in
• Viewing traffic information
• Checking weather conditions
• Looking up stock values
• Looking up phone numbers
• Looking up addresses
• Looking up sport results

WAP Micro Browsers

To fit into a small wireless terminal, WAP uses a Micro Browser.

A Micro Browser is a small piece of software that makes minimal demands on hardware, memory and CPU. It can display information written in a restricted mark-up language called WML.

The Micro Browser can also interpret a reduced version of JavaScript called WMLScript.

WAP

What is WAP?

The wireless industry came up with the idea of WAP. The point of this
standard was to show internet contents on wireless clients, like mobile phones.

• WAP stands for Wireless Application Protocol


• WAP is an application communication protocol


• WAP is used to access services and information


• WAP is inherited from Internet standards


• WAP is for handheld devices such as mobile phones


• WAP is a protocol designed for micro browsers


• WAP enables the creating of web applications for mobile devices.


• WAP uses the mark-up language WML (not HTML)


• WML is defined as an XML 1.0 application

The Wireless Application Protocol

The WAP protocol is the leading standard for information services on wireless terminals like digital mobile phones.

The WAP standard is based on Internet standards (HTML, XML and TCP/IP). It consists of a WML language specification, a WMLScript specification, and a Wireless Telephony Application Interface (WTAI) specification.

WAP is published by the WAP Forum, founded in 1997 by Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia, and Unwired Planet. Forum members now represent over 90% of the global handset market, as well as leading infrastructure providers, software developers and other organizations.